Sunday, December 16, 2012

Midterm Terms


1Introduction Unit:
1)      Heart- one's innermost character, feelings, or inclinations
2)      X and Arrows- The X represents God or the Mystery that mankind strives toward. The arrows going up represent religions or mankind’s attempts to reach the X. The arrow going along the bottom represents time. The arrow coming represents the Mystery coming down to us or Jesus.
3)      Desire- to long or hope for
4)      Reality- That which exists objectively, and independently of the mind, as opposed to the unreal, which is merely subjective or fanciful. Reality is that to which the mind conforms when it possesses the truth. 
5)      Religious Sense- The very essence of rationality that allows us to experience reality as it truly is.
6)      Ontology- A term introduced into philosophy by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) in 1826, to identify the science of ethics or moral duty, mainly as distinct from law or jurisprudence.
7)      Being-Whatever in any way is, whether it exists or is possible, whether in the mind, in the imagination, or in a statement. Philosophically being is the real, and corresponds to essence or thing. Its opposite is the unreal and finally that which implies an inner contradiction.
Anointing of the Sick:
8)      Job- The chief character in what many critics consider the most beautifully written book in the Bible. The author is unknown. From internal evidence it is speculated that he was an Israelite who wrote between 600 and 400 B.C. The Book of Job is a profound philosophic discussion of human suffering, with Job and several of his friends taking turns offering possible solutions to the problem of good and evil.
9)      Original Sin-Either the sin committed by Adam as the head of the human race, or the sin he passed onto his posterity with which every human being, with the certain exception of Christ and his Mother, is conceived and born. 
10)  Who administers the sacraments- priest
11)  Who can receive the sacrament- a sick, baptized person
12)  Four main effects of the sacrament- the uniting of the sick person to the passion of Christ, for his own good and that of the whole Church; the strengthening, peace, and courage to endure in a Christian manner the sufferings of illness or old age; the forgiveness of sins, if the sick person was not able to obtain it through the sacrament of penance; the restoration of health, if it is conducive to the salvation of his soul; the preparation for passing over to eternal life
13)  Transformation through the sacrament-The Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick has the power to transform the sick, filling them with newly found courage to join their sufferings with those of Christ in His Passion, strengthening their will to be one with the loving will of God. A spiritual transformation always takes place as an effect of this sacrament.
14)  Theodicy-Natural theology, or the study of God's existence and attributes as known by the light of natural reason and apart from supernatural revelation.
15)  Oil of the Sick-Olive oil, blessed by a bishop, is normally used for the anointing, but any vegetable oil may be substituted in case of emergency.
   Reconciliation:
16)  Penance- repentance of sins
17)  Confession-A written or oral statement acknowledging guilt, made by one who has been accused or charged with an offense
18)  Forgiveness-Pardon or remission of an offense. The Catholic Church believes that sins forgiven are actually removed from the soul (John 20) and not merely covered over by the merits of Christ. Only God can forgive sins, since he alone can restore sanctifying grace to a person who has sinned gravely and thereby lost the state of grace. God forgives sins to the truly repentant either immediately through an act of perfect contrition or mediately through a sacrament. The sacraments primarily directed to the forgiveness of sins are baptism and penance, and secondarily, under certain conditions, also the sacrament of anointing.
19)  Empathy- A function of the virtue of charity by which a person enters into another's feelings, needs, and sufferings.
20)  Examination of Conscience- Reflection in God's presence on one's state of soul, e.g., in preparation for the sacrament of penance.
21)  Contrition- The prayer of the penitent in the sacrament of penance, by which he expresses sorrow for the sins confessed before receiving absolution. In general, an act of repentance for having offended God.
22)  Sin- a moral evil
23)  Mortal Sin-An actual sin that destroys sanctifying grace and causes the supernatural death of the soul. Mortal sin is a turning away from God because of seriously inordinate adherence to creatures that causes grave injury to a person's rational nature and to the social order, and deprives the sinner of a right to heaven.
24)  Venial Sin-An offense against God which does not deprive the sinner of sanctifying grace. It is called venial (from venia, pardon) because the soul still has the vital principle that allows a cure from within, similar to the healing of a sick or diseased whose source of animation (the soul) is still present to restore the ailing bodily function to health.
25)  Concupiscence- Insubordination of man's desires to the dictates of reason, and the propensity of human nature to sin as a result of original sin.
26)  Fornication-Fornication is carnal union between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman. It is gravely contrary to the dignity of persons and of human sexuality which is naturally ordered to the good of spouses and the generation and education of children. Moreover, it is a grave scandal when there is corruption of the young. 
27)   Excommunication- An ecclesiastical censure by which one is more or less excluded from communion with the faithful. It is also called anathema, especially if it is inflicted with formal solemnities on persons notoriously obstinate to reconciliation.
28)  Heresy- Commonly refers to a doctrinal belief held in opposition to the recognized standards of an established system of thought. Theologically it means an opinion at variance with the authorized teachings of any church, notably the Christian, and especially when this promotes separation from the main body of faithful believers.
29)  Schism- Historic divisions in Christian unity. These divisions are differently appraised by different communions. 
30)  Who forgives sins?- God
31)  What is the role of the priest- The priest is the sign and the instrument of God’s merciful love for the sinner.
32)  Three required acts of the Penitent- The sinner must be contrite of heart, confess with their lips, and make fruitful satisfaction
  Matrimony:
33)  Abortion- In Catholic morality, abortion is either direct (induced) or indirect. Direct abortion is any destruction of the product of human conception, whether before or after implantation in the womb. A direct abortion is one that is intended either as an end in itself or as a means to an end. As a willful attack on unborn human life, no matter what the motive, direct abortion is always a grave objective evil.
Indirect abortion is the foreseen but merely permitted evacuation of a fetus which cannot survive outside the womb. The evacuation is not the intended or directly willed result, but the side effect, of some legitimate procedure. As such it is morally allowable.
34)  Contraception- deliberate interference with marital intercourse in order to prevent conception.
35)  Sterilization- Depriving the body of its generative powers in order to prevent the conception or fetal development of undesired offspring, for the satisfaction of a person's wishes and/or the relief of an economic or social need. Its morality falls under the same category as contraception. It is forbidden by the natural law.
36)  Natural Family Planning- The controlling of human conception by restricting the marital act to the infertile periods of the wife.
37)  Fidelity- Constancy in allegiance to God or the things of God; steadfastness in fidelity to a person or cause, organization or enterprise.
38)  Divorce- Legal separation of husband and wife, or the release by civil authority from any one or more of the bonds of matrimony between them. 
39)  Polygamy- The status or institution of simultaneous marriage of more than one woman to one man, or of several women to several men. The two forms are polygyny and polyandry.
40)  Adultery- Sexual intercourse of a married person and another who is not the wife or husband.
41)  Intimacy-a close, familiar, and usually affectionate or loving personal relationship with another person or group.
42)  Grace- Temporary supernatural intervention by God to enlighten the mind or strengthen the will to perform supernatural actions that lead to heaven. Actual grace is therefore a transient divine assistance to enable man to obtain, retain, or grow in supernatural grace and the life of God.
43)  Family-
a
 basic social unit consisting of parents and their children, considered as a group, whether dwelling together or not
44)  Creation- The production of material and spiritual things in their whole substance, done by God and of nothing.
  Holy Orders:
45)  Diocese- The territory over which a bishop exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction. 
46)  Vicar- A delegate to a titular see, having episcopal consecration, appointed by the Holy See to govern in territories where the ordinary hierarchy is not established. Vicars apostolic have the same powers as bishops and are generally conceded special privileges because of the extraordinary situation in which they exercise their ministry.
47)  Infallibility- Freedom from error in teaching the universal Church in matters of faith or morals.
48)  Presbyters- (in the early Christian church) an office bearer who exercised teaching, priestly, and administrativefunctions.; (in hierarchical churches) a priest.
49)  Seminary- A school established for the academic and spiritual training of candidates for the priesthood.
50)  Who can be ordained- Baptized men
51)  Three degrees of Holy Orders- 1. episcopate 2. presbyterate 3. diaconate.
  Baptism:
52)  Baptism- The sacrament in which, by water and the word of God, a person is cleansed of all sin and reborn and sanctified in Christ to everlasting life.
53)  Proper matter of Baptism- holy water
54)  Correct words/form- “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit” with triple pour of water.
55)  Designated Minister- Bishop, Priest, or Deacon (in emergency anyone who intends to offer baptism)
56)  Candidates- Anyone who understands the community they are joining or will be taught later
57)  Catechumens- in the early Church, was the name applied to one who had not yet been initiated into the sacred mysteries, but was undergoing a course of preparation for that purpose.
58)  Signs of Baptism- water, paschal candle, white garmet, oil of catechumens, and schism chrism oil
59)   White Garment- symbol of how baptism is supposed to cleanse us of sin.
60)   Oils of Baptism- Oil of Catechumens and Schism chrism oil
61)  Effects of Baptism- washes away original sin and the punishment due, makes us children of God and temples of the Holy Spirit, welcomes us as members of the Church, and marks us forever as sharers in the common priesthood of all believers, and in Christ’s mission of justice and peace
  Confirmation:
62)  Definition of Confirmation- The sacrament in which, through the laying on of hands, anointing with chrism, and prayer, those already baptized are strengthened by the Holy Spirit in order that they may steadfastly profess the faith and faithfully live up to their profession.
63)  Proper Matter- Chrism
64)  Form- “Be Sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit” with oil on the forehead in the sign of the Cross.
65)  Designated Minister- Bishop
66)  Fruits of the Spirit- love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control.
67)  Gifts of the Spirit- wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord
68)  Pentecost- Feast commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles. It takes its name form the fact that it comes about fifty days after Easter.
69)  Conformation Name- A patron saint that the candidate wishes to follow
70)  Key elements- anointing with chrism, laying on of hands, blow on the check.
71)  Effects- increase of sanctifying grace, gifts of the Holy Spirit, and the strengthening of our faith
  Eucharist:
72)  Transcendence- Supassing excellence, which may be either relative or absolute. It is relative when the excellence surpasses some objects below it, as human nature transcends the irrational creation.
73)  Consecration- The words of institution of the Eucharist, pronounced at Mass, by which is accomplished the very sacrifice that Christ instituted at the Last Supper. The formula of consecration is uniform for all the approved canons of the Mass and reads, in literal translation: "Take and eat of this, all of you; for this is my body which will be given up for you . . . Take and drink of this, all of you; for this is the chalice of my blood, of the new and eternal testament, which will be shed for you and for many unto the remission of sins. Do this in commemoration of me." 
74)  Transubstantiation- The complete change of the substance of bread and wine into the substance of Christ's body and blood by a validly ordained priest during the consecration at Mass, so that only the accidents of bread and wine remain. 
75)  Proper Matter- Wheat based Bread & pure grape wine
76)   Correct words/Form- The words of Institution: “This is my body . . . This is the chalice of my blood . . .”
77)   Designated Minister- Bishop or Priest
78)  Requirements for Reception- must be in state of grace and must fast for one hour prior.

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